a) KClO3 và KNO3 bị nhiệt phân.
\(\eqalign{ & 2KCl{O_3}\,\,\buildrel {{t^0}} \over \longrightarrow \,\,2KCl + 3{O_2}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\left( 1 \right) \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,x\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \to \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,x\,\,\, \to \,\,1,5x \cr & 2KN{O_3}\,\,\buildrel {{t^0}} \over \longrightarrow \,\,2KN{O_2} + {O_2}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\left( 2 \right) \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,y\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \to \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,0,5y \cr & 2{H_2} + {O_2}\,\, \to \,\,2{H_2}O\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\left( 3 \right) \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,0,4\,\, \leftarrow \,\,0,8 \cr & KCl + AgN{O_3}\,\, \to \,\,AgCl \downarrow + KN{O_3}\,\,\,\,\,\,\left( 4 \right) \cr & \,0,7\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \leftarrow \,\,\,\,0,7 \cr} \)
b) Số mol H2O 0,8 mol; số mol AgCl 0,7 mol.
Đặt số mol KClO3, KNO3 và KCl lần lượt là x mol, y mol và z mol
\( \Rightarrow 122,5x + 101y + 74,5z = 81,95\,\,\,\left( * \right)\)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) \( \Rightarrow 1,5x + 0,5y = 0,4\,\,\left( {**} \right)\)
Từ (4) \( \Rightarrow {n_{KCl}} = 0,7 = x + z\,\,\left( {***} \right)\)
Giải hệ (*), (**), (***) ta được \(x = y = 0,2, z = 0,5\).
Vậy \({m_{KCl{O_3}}} = 24,5\,gam;\)
\({m_{KN{O_3}}} = 20,2\,gam\)
\({m_{KCl}} = 37,25\,gam.\)