Bài 39 trang 19 SGK Toán 8 tập 1

Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:

a) \(3x - 6y\);

b) \(\dfrac{2}{5}{x^2} + 5{x^3} + {x^2}y\);

c) \(14{x^2}y - 21x{y^2} + 28{x^2}{y^2}\);

d) \(\dfrac{2}{5}x(y - 1) - \dfrac{2}{5}y(y - 1)\);

e) \(10x(x - y) - 8y(y - x)\).

Lời giải

\(\begin{array}{l}
a)\;\;3x - 6y = 3.x - 3.2y \\= 3\left( {x - 2y} \right).\\
b)\;\dfrac{2}{5}{x^2} + 5{x^3} + {x^2}y\\ = \dfrac{2}{5}{x^2} + 5x.{x^2} + {x^2}y\\ = {x^2}\left( {\dfrac{2}{5} + 5x + y} \right).\\
c)\;14{x^2}y - 21x{y^2} + 28{x^2}{y^2} \\= 7xy.2x - 7xy.3y + 7xy.4xy\\
= 7xy\left( {2x - 3y + 4xy} \right).\\
d)\;\dfrac{2}{5}x\left( {y - 1} \right) - \dfrac{2}{5}y\left( {y - 1} \right) \\= \dfrac{2}{5}\left( {y - 1} \right)\left( {x - y} \right).\\
e)\;10x\left( {x - y} \right) - 8y\left( {y - x} \right) \\= 10x\left( {x - y} \right) - 8y\left[ { - \left( {x - y} \right)} \right]\\
= 10x\left( {x - y} \right) + 8y\left( {x - y} \right)\\
 = 2\left( {x - y} \right)\left( {5x + 4y} \right).
\end{array}\)


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