Bài 1.
a) \(27{a^2}{b^2} - 18ab + 3 \)
\(= 3\left( {9{a^2}{b^2} - 6ab + 1} \right) \)
\(= 3{\left( {3ab - 1} \right)^2}.\)
b) \(4 - {x^2} - 2xy - {y^2} \)
\(= 4 - \left( {{x^2} + 2xy + {y^2}} \right)\)
\(= 4 - {\left( {x + y} \right)^2}\)
\( = \left( {2 + x + y} \right)\left( {2 - x - y} \right).\)
c) \({x^2} + 2xy + {y^2} - xz - yz \)
\(= {\left( {x + y} \right)^2} - z\left( {x + y} \right) \)
\(= \left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + y - z} \right).\)
Bài 2. Ta có:
\({x^3} - {x^2} = {x^2}\left( {x - 1} \right);\)
\(4{x^2} - 8x + 4 = 4\left( {{x^2} - 2x + 1} \right) \)\(\;= 4{\left( {x - 1} \right)^2}\)
Vậy \({x^2}\left( {x - 1} \right) = 4{\left( {x - 1} \right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow {x^2}\left( {x - 1} \right) - 4{\left( {x - 1} \right)^2} = 0\)
\( \Rightarrow \left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} - 4x + 4} \right) = 0\)
\(\Rightarrow \left( {x - 1} \right){\left( {x - 2} \right)^2} = 0\)
\( \Rightarrow x - 1 = 0\) hoặc \(x - 2 = 0 \)
\(\Rightarrow x = 1\) hoặc \(x = 2.\)