a. Ta có:
\(\eqalign{ & {\sin ^2}{\pi \over 8} = {{1 - \cos {\pi \over 4}} \over 2} = {{1 - {{\sqrt 2 } \over 2}} \over 2} = {{2 - \sqrt 2 } \over 4} \cr & \Rightarrow \sin {\pi \over 8} = {1 \over 2}\sqrt {2 - \sqrt 2 } \cr & {\cos ^2}{\pi \over 8} = {{1 + \cos {\pi \over 4}} \over 2} = {{1 + {{\sqrt 2 } \over 2}} \over 2} = {{2 + \sqrt 2 } \over 4} \cr & \Rightarrow \cos {\pi \over 8} = {1 \over 2}\sqrt {2 + \sqrt 2 } \cr} \)
b. Ta có:
\(\eqalign{ & {1^2} + {\left( {\sqrt 2 - 1} \right)^2} = 4 - 2\sqrt 2 .\,\text{ Do đó}\,: \cr & \sin x + \left( {\sqrt 2 - 1} \right)\cos x \cr & = \left( {\sqrt {4 - 2\sqrt 2 } } \right)\left( {{1 \over {\sqrt {4 - 2\sqrt 2 } }}\sin x + {{\sqrt 2 - 1} \over {\sqrt {4 - 2\sqrt 2 } }}\cos x} \right) \cr & = \sqrt {4 - 2\sqrt 2 } \left( {\sin x\cos {\pi \over 8} + \sin {\pi \over 8}\cos x} \right) \cr & = \sqrt {4 - 2\sqrt 2 } \sin \left( {x + {\pi \over 8}} \right) \cr & = \sqrt {4 - 2\sqrt 2 } \cos \left( {x - {{3\pi } \over 8}} \right) \cr & \text{ Vì }\,{1 \over {\sqrt {4 - 2\sqrt 2 } }} = {{\sqrt {4 + 2\sqrt 2 } } \over {\sqrt 8 }} = {1 \over 2}\sqrt {2 + \sqrt 2 } = \cos {\pi \over 8}. \cr & \text{Vậy }\,C = \sqrt {4 - 2\sqrt 2 } \cr} \)
