Câu 35 trang 163 SGK Đại số và Giải tích 11 Nâng cao

Tìm các giới hạn sau :

a.  \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ + }} {{2x + 1} \over {x - 2}}\)

b.  \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ - }} {{2x + 1} \over {x - 2}}\)

c.  \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \left( {{1 \over x} - {1 \over {{x^2}}}} \right)\)

d.  \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ - }} \left( {{1 \over {x - 2}} - {1 \over {{x^2} - 4}}} \right)\)

Lời giải

a.

\(\eqalign{
& \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ + }} {{2x + 1} \over {x - 2}} = + \infty \cr
& \text{vì }\,\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ + }} \left( {2x + 1} \right) = 5,\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ + }} \left( {x - 2} \right) = 0\,\text{ và }\,x - 2 > 0,\forall x > 2 \cr} \)

b.

\(\eqalign{
& \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ - }} {{2x + 1} \over {x - 2}} = - \infty \cr
&  \text{vì }\,\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ - }} \left( {2x + 1} \right) = 5,\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ - }} \left( {x - 2} \right) = 0\,\text{ và }\,x - 2 < 0,\forall x < 2 \cr} \)

c.

\(\eqalign{
& \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \left( {{1 \over x} - {1 \over {{x^2}}}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} {{x - 1} \over {{x^2}}} = - \infty \cr
&  \text{vì }\,\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \left( {x - 1} \right) = - 1 < 0\,\text{ và }\,\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} {x^2} = 0,{x^2} > 0\;\forall x \ne 0. \cr} \)

d.

\(\eqalign{
& \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ - }} \left( {{1 \over {x - 2}} - {1 \over {{x^2} - 4}}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ - }} {{x + 2 - 1} \over {{x^2} - 4}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ - }} {{x + 1} \over {{x^2} - 4}} = - \infty \cr
&  \text{vì }\,\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ - }} \left( {x + 1} \right) = 3,\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ - }} \left( {{x^2} - 4} \right) = 0\,\text{ và }\,{x^2} - 4 < 0\,\text{ với }\, - 2 < x < 2 \cr} \)