a)
\(\begin{array}{l}
\dfrac{a}{{\sqrt {{a^2} - {b^2}} }} - \left( {1 + \dfrac{a}{{\sqrt {{a^2} - {b^2}} }}} \right):\dfrac{b}{{a - \sqrt {{a^2} - {b^2}} }}\\
= \dfrac{a}{{\sqrt {{a^2} - {b^2}} }} - \dfrac{{a + \sqrt {{a^2} - {b^2}} }}{{\sqrt {{a^2} - {b^2}} }}.\dfrac{{a - \sqrt {{a^2} - {b^2}} }}{b}\\
= \dfrac{a}{{\sqrt {{a^2} - {b^2}} }} - \dfrac{{{a^2} - \left( {{a^2} - {b^2}} \right)}}{{b\sqrt {{a^2} - {b^2}} }}\\ = \dfrac{a}{{\sqrt {{a^2} - {b^2}} }} - \dfrac{b^2}{b.{\sqrt {{a^2} - {b^2}} }}\\
= \dfrac{a}{{\sqrt {{a^2} - {b^2}} }} - \dfrac{b}{{\sqrt {{a^2} - {b^2}} }}\\
= \dfrac{{a - b}}{{\sqrt {{a^2} - {b^2}} }}\\
= \dfrac{{\sqrt {a - b} .\sqrt {a - b} }}{{\sqrt {a - b} .\sqrt {a + b} }}\, (do\,\, a>b>0)\\
= \dfrac{{\sqrt {a - b} }}{{\sqrt {a + b} }}
\end{array}\)
Vậy \(Q= \dfrac{{\sqrt {a - b} }}{{\sqrt {a + b} }}.\)
b) Thay \(a = 3b\) vào \(Q= \dfrac{{\sqrt {a - b} }}{{\sqrt {a + b} }}\) ta được:
\(Q=\dfrac{{\sqrt {3b - b} }}{{\sqrt {3b + b} }} = \dfrac{{\sqrt {2b} }}{{\sqrt {4b} }} \\= \dfrac{{\sqrt {2b} }}{{\sqrt 2 .\sqrt {2b} }} = \dfrac{1}{{\sqrt 2 }} = \dfrac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}\)
